I was curious about Ibn Khaldun, the historian mentioned in the reading about Mali, so I looked up a bit more and found his Wikipedia article. It says that he is sometimes considered a father of social sciences in general, more specifically things like demography and historiography.
The mention of Cresques Abraham at the end also caught my attention, so I looked him up as well. This article on him said that he was a cartographer, a mapmaker, who at one point received a commission from the prince (John of Aragon) to create a set of maps covering a large area. This set became the Catalan Atlas, which was comprised of six maps. Cresques worked on this with his son, Jehuda.
This is one of the maps he and his son made for the set.
I was interested in the treatments available for the plague. I found out from the reading that Cairo 1347, healers smeared the blisters with Armenian clay. In Muslim Spain, Ibn Battuta advised people not to eat things like garlic, mushrooms, or grains, barley water and basil syrup were prescribed as medicine, Gentile of Folingo (Italy) recommended dried snake skin, bloodlettings and plasters made of mallow leaves, and Turks sliced off the heads of boils to get rid of the "green patch". First, I had no idea what a plaster made of mallow leaves was, so I looked it up at this Herbal Remedy Site which told me that a plaster is something you put all over your body and it is made of boiled mallow leaves and other herbs for healing purposes. According to this site on the Bubonic plague
"the plague was cured by burning the buboes with blood-hot iron rod, which was a barbaric method but did save many lives."
From this site it seems like that worked…but I should probably look into that some more.
The idea of Revolutionary Millenarianism also appeared in the reading, which was the doctrine that meant that God would empower the poor. I found this similar to the speech that Jesus gave at the Sermon on the Mount when Jesus said that the "meek shall inherit the earth"
I also wanted to know what the difference in male/female roles was before and after the plague. Besides what we found out in the reading, I did not find any reliable sources to tell me more. But in the reading I did find out that women got their dead husband's property, which must have eventually given them more power and equality.
1) In the reading it says that in "1348, Pope Clement VI declared Jews innocent of the charge of well poisoning and excommunicated anyone who harmed them". Then it says that "England had already expelled those Jews who did not convert to Christianity in 1290". This is a little confusing. Is this like a King/Pope struggle; the king didn't like Jews but the Pope did? Or is it just a change in belief over time?
I was also interested in learning more behind the history of the persecution of the Jews. I found a site that has a sort of timeline about the persecution of the Jews where it lists years and events that have to do with the Jews. In 1347+ there is a rather large section regarding the Plague.
I also didn’t know who lepers were, so I went to dictionary.com and found this: 1. a person who has leprosy. 2. a person who has been rejected or ostracized for unacceptable behavior, opinions, character, or the like; anathema; outcast.
1) Then, later in the reading about Mali, it refers to a map that looks "like the contents of a spilled jewel box". Did the Plague economically effect the world in any way?
It seems, just from the few readings we've read, that Ibn Battuta traveled quite a bit. So, I was wondering where he traveled. I found this map of his travels.
Pope Clement VI said that the Jews were innocent and that they did not cause the plague. While most people blamed the plague on the Jews and said that they poisoned wells. He tried to protect the Jews and he said that the people who had blamed the plague on them had been "seduced by that liar, the Devil." He urged other people to protect the Jews, but they didn't and persecution of the Jews still continued. He was obviously Pope during the black death. Wikipedia
Alright, so I'll start my post off my answering a question and then I'll ask a couple of my own.
Miriam: I agree with you that the pope and the king were pretty much permanently at odds, mainly because the Pope thought he should have more influence (in England), but the King thought he shouldn't. Unlike the French or the Spanish, who the pope could keep a close eye on, England was far away and so it was difficult for him to keep a constant eye on them. This also answers your second point in your question where you asked if there was a change in belief over time, and yes there was. In 1290 the pope was Nicolas VI, and they went through 6 popes before Clement VI pardoned the Jews. I think that it is completely possible that Nicolas quietly encouraged the persecution of the Jews, and Edward I (who was king of England at that time) followed his orders. By the time of Clement VI, two english kings had passed through, and Edward III was on the throne. So I think that the answer to your question is that over time beliefs changed, but also different people were in charge at different time, so they are totally different events (I think). Plus, they're separated by 58 years in history, which I think was a long time back in those days, and you were lucky if you lived to 40. Just my opinion though...
As for my own question:
1) In the book it talked about how scientific research had been spurred on by the plague, to find a cure. How close did they get.
I did a little bit of research and my answer is not much. In Northern Europe they wanted to strap shaved chicken bottoms to the boils, which probably wasn't the best idea.
I was interested in learning more about Pope Clement VI, who said that the Jews were not responsible for spreading the plague. He issued a papal bull (legal document issued by a pope)that condemned violence.
It said that the plague benefited the women in marriages. How was this? How many accounts of the plague were there is Africa? How much gold did Mansa Musa bring on his Hajj? How many people did he had to bring to carry it? How was Mansa Musa able to get so much gold?
The reading and also Erin were talking about the mapmakers which really interested me. I learned that they got their information of the world from travelers such as Prince Henry the Navigator and other explorers.
I was thinking about the pope back then and what he did to protect himself from the plague.So i found out that he surrounded himself in a ring of fire. Which to a medical stand point is a good idea because the fire would be too hot for most bacteria and viruses. I was wondering how long he stayed in that ring?
I thought that this reading was very interesting, it talked about the positive things that came out of the plague. For example, some widows got to keep their land if their husbands died, which gave the women more power politically (YA!). Plus in some countries the peasants that stayed on a lord's land got to gain more power, and can leave if they want (YA!). Sadly in some parts of Europe, especially england, the peasants pretty much lost their freedom and became part of the land, being sold along with it.
I only had one question, and i know that it was written in bold, but i really wanted to know what millenarianism was. I found by searching on dictionary.com and i found the definition of the word being someone who believes the millennium will occur. It still seems a little vague, but it helps me understand the sentence and reading more.
On the reading tonight, I was wondering where the village "Eyam" in England was so i found this picture on good ole' wikipedia. It says that the plague had winners and losers, how could you be a winner with the plague? Also it said the Jews were victimized in England, is that because other people were jealous of their advancements and close-knit society?
In the Mali reading, I was wondering was gold, and jewels were their form of currency? Also, how did the value of gold fall and rise? Why did it fall when Mansa Musa stayed for three months? If there was a lot of gold, was their a lot of robbery?
After the reading, I wanted to find out a little bit more of Benjamin of Tudela, so I went to the Wikipedia Article about him and found out some general information:
He was born (not surprisingly) in the town of Tudela in the Kingdom of Navarre (where modern-day Spain is) in the 12th century. Not much is known about his early life, but we do know that he began a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1165. The article says that he that he talked to a lot of people that he met along the way, and also kept a demographic of Jews from everywhere that he visited (which I think is pretty impressive).
All in all, he visited over 300 cities. There was a map in the book that detailed where he went, but I found another one here... I did a Google search for maps of his voyage, but the only good one I could find other than this was in some foreign language. Finally, he kind of reminded me of other famous medieval travelers, like Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta.
Finally, I'd like to say that the map of the Yellow River is really cool, especially since they got it pretty much exactly to scale, with population and everything. It'd be great to look at a bigger version of it.
I have heard about Ibn Battuta, and i wanted to know a little more about him...
While doing some research I came across this quote from the Ibn Battuta Wiki, "Almost all that is known about Ibn Battuta's life comes from one source—Ibn Battuta himself. In some places, the things he claims he saw or did are probably fanciful, but in many others, there is no way to know whether he is reporting or storytelling. However, due to the complexity and thoroughness of his accounts, we are left to assume that his chronicles were in fact true."
Hmm, thats almost like Alexander the Great.
While reading the the Wiki, I also noticed that that it mentioned him having two hajj's.. Is that regular int he Islamic Faith?
To partially answer Miriam's question about if the plague economically effect the world in anyway, while i don't have a source, it pretty much had to. think about it, around 1/2 the population in Europe was gone. that mean the other half of the population had to cover the work. so there was a 100% increase in work load for each individual to cover what the other's had left. however, there was also 50% less population to provide for. also it said that women began to control estates and had a bigger influence. so, economically, women had more power. also because 50% of the population was lost, that means that all the land that they owned (if both owners died) had to be given to someone, so more land for less people.
also, i was looking at the antisemitism acts. it is much like the holocaust, and it was even in Germany. it seems strange that in Germany such large antisemitism acts would take place at two different times.
After reading these pages, a question came to mind after reading about physicians in the time. I wondered how they would test their products and ways of curing the plague. And how did they come up with the idea's they did? Also, I found the idea that the plague was God's punishment interested me. Were there/ who were any important religious people that did not agree with that idea? And did they try to spread that it was not a punishment?
questions: 1. is a gift that damages the economy really a gift? 2. Where did Ibn Batuda get the money to travel to all these places? 3. How did the desert stop plages more than seas did?
Why was the death rate for men higher? Ibn Buttuta explained kids being chained until they learned the Qu'ran. I just don't get this...is it like literally? Another question I have is more from the reading in class but I just thought of it. Why were the doctors suppose to be scary? Propaganda? Why are Mali's mosques significant to the people other than relgion?
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17 comments:
I was curious about Ibn Khaldun, the historian mentioned in the reading about Mali, so I looked up a bit more and found his Wikipedia article. It says that he is sometimes considered a father of social sciences in general, more specifically things like demography and historiography.
The mention of Cresques Abraham at the end also caught my attention, so I looked him up as well. This article on him said that he was a cartographer, a mapmaker, who at one point received a commission from the prince (John of Aragon) to create a set of maps covering a large area. This set became the Catalan Atlas, which was comprised of six maps. Cresques worked on this with his son, Jehuda.
This is one of the maps he and his son made for the set.
I was interested in the treatments available for the plague. I found out from the reading that Cairo 1347, healers smeared the blisters with Armenian clay. In Muslim Spain, Ibn Battuta advised people not to eat things like garlic, mushrooms, or grains, barley water and basil syrup were prescribed as medicine, Gentile of Folingo (Italy) recommended dried snake skin, bloodlettings and plasters made of mallow leaves, and Turks sliced off the heads of boils to get rid of the "green patch". First, I had no idea what a plaster made of mallow leaves was, so I looked it up at this Herbal Remedy Site which told me that a plaster is something you put all over your body and it is made of boiled mallow leaves and other herbs for healing purposes. According to this site on the Bubonic plague
"the plague was cured by burning the buboes with blood-hot iron rod, which was a barbaric method but did save many lives."
From this site it seems like that worked…but I should probably look into that some more.
The idea of Revolutionary Millenarianism also appeared in the reading, which was the doctrine that meant that God would empower the poor. I found this similar to the speech that Jesus gave at the Sermon on the Mount when Jesus said that the "meek shall inherit the earth"
I also wanted to know what the difference in male/female roles was before and after the plague. Besides what we found out in the reading, I did not find any reliable sources to tell me more. But in the reading I did find out that women got their dead husband's property, which must have eventually given them more power and equality.
To start off, I have two questions:
1) In the reading it says that in "1348, Pope Clement VI declared Jews innocent of the charge of well poisoning and excommunicated anyone who harmed them". Then it says that "England had already expelled those Jews who did not convert to Christianity in 1290". This is a little confusing. Is this like a King/Pope struggle; the king didn't like Jews but the Pope did? Or is it just a change in belief over time?
I was also interested in learning more behind the history of the persecution of the Jews. I found a site that has a sort of timeline about the
persecution of the Jews where it lists years and events that have to do with the Jews. In 1347+ there is a rather large section regarding the Plague.
I also didn’t know who lepers were, so I went to dictionary.com and found this:
1. a person who has leprosy.
2.
a person who has been rejected or ostracized for unacceptable behavior, opinions, character, or the like; anathema; outcast.
1) Then, later in the reading about Mali, it refers to a map that looks "like the contents of a spilled jewel box". Did the Plague economically effect the world in any way?
It seems, just from the few readings we've read, that Ibn Battuta traveled quite a bit. So, I was wondering where he traveled. I found this
map of his travels.
Pope Clement VI said that the Jews were innocent and that they did not cause the plague. While most people blamed the plague on the Jews and said that they poisoned wells. He tried to protect the Jews and he said that the people who had blamed the plague on them had been "seduced by that liar, the Devil." He urged other people to protect the Jews, but they didn't and persecution of the Jews still continued. He was obviously Pope during the black death.
Wikipedia
This is a picture of him
Alright, so I'll start my post off my answering a question and then I'll ask a couple of my own.
Miriam: I agree with you that the pope and the king were pretty much permanently at odds, mainly because the Pope thought he should have more influence (in England), but the King thought he shouldn't. Unlike the French or the Spanish, who the pope could keep a close eye on, England was far away and so it was difficult for him to keep a constant eye on them. This also answers your second point in your question where you asked if there was a change in belief over time, and yes there was. In 1290 the pope was Nicolas VI, and they went through 6 popes before Clement VI pardoned the Jews. I think that it is completely possible that Nicolas quietly encouraged the persecution of the Jews, and Edward I (who was king of England at that time) followed his orders. By the time of Clement VI, two english kings had passed through, and Edward III was on the throne. So I think that the answer to your question is that over time beliefs changed, but also different people were in charge at different time, so they are totally different events (I think). Plus, they're separated by 58 years in history, which I think was a long time back in those days, and you were lucky if you lived to 40. Just my opinion though...
As for my own question:
1) In the book it talked about how scientific research had been spurred on by the plague, to find a cure. How close did they get.
I did a little bit of research and my answer is not much. In Northern Europe they wanted to strap shaved chicken bottoms to the boils, which probably wasn't the best idea.
Just my thoughts though...
I was interested in learning more about Pope Clement VI, who said that the Jews were not responsible for spreading the plague. He issued a papal bull (legal document issued by a pope)that condemned violence.
Pope Clement VI Wikipedia
Here is another site I went to to learn more about Pope Clement VI.
It said that the plague benefited the women in marriages. How was this?
How many accounts of the plague were there is Africa?
How much gold did Mansa Musa bring on his Hajj? How many people did he had to bring to carry it?
How was Mansa Musa able to get so much gold?
The reading and also Erin were talking about the mapmakers which really interested me. I learned that they got their information of the world from travelers such as Prince Henry the Navigator and other explorers.
I was thinking about the pope back then and what he did to protect himself from the plague.So i found out that he surrounded himself in a ring of fire. Which to a medical stand point is a good idea because the fire would be too hot for most bacteria and viruses. I was wondering how long he stayed in that ring?
I thought that this reading was very interesting, it talked about the positive things that came out of the plague. For example, some widows got to keep their land if their husbands died, which gave the women more power politically (YA!). Plus in some countries the peasants that stayed on a lord's land got to gain more power, and can leave if they want (YA!). Sadly in some parts of Europe, especially england, the peasants pretty much lost their freedom and became part of the land, being sold along with it.
I only had one question, and i know that it was written in bold, but i really wanted to know what millenarianism was. I found by searching on dictionary.com and i found the definition of the word being someone who believes the millennium will occur. It still seems a little vague, but it helps me understand the sentence and reading more.
On the reading tonight, I was wondering where the village "Eyam" in England was so i found this picture on good ole' wikipedia.
It says that the plague had winners and losers, how could you be a winner with the plague?
Also it said the Jews were victimized in England, is that because other people were jealous of their advancements and close-knit society?
In the Mali reading, I was wondering was gold, and jewels were their form of currency? Also, how did the value of gold fall and rise? Why did it fall when Mansa Musa stayed for three months? If there was a lot of gold, was their a lot of robbery?
After the reading, I wanted to find out a little bit more of Benjamin of Tudela, so I went to the Wikipedia Article about him and found out some general information:
He was born (not surprisingly) in the town of Tudela in the Kingdom of Navarre (where modern-day Spain is) in the 12th century. Not much is known about his early life, but we do know that he began a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1165. The article says that he that he talked to a lot of people that he met along the way, and also kept a demographic of Jews from everywhere that he visited (which I think is pretty impressive).
All in all, he visited over 300 cities. There was a map in the book that detailed where he went, but I found another one here... I did a Google search for maps of his voyage, but the only good one I could find other than this was in some foreign language. Finally, he kind of reminded me of other famous medieval travelers, like Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta.
Finally, I'd like to say that the map of the Yellow River is really cool, especially since they got it pretty much exactly to scale, with population and everything. It'd be great to look at a bigger version of it.
I have heard about Ibn Battuta, and i wanted to know a little more about him...
While doing some research I came across this quote from the Ibn Battuta Wiki, "Almost all that is known about Ibn Battuta's life comes from one source—Ibn Battuta himself. In some places, the things he claims he saw or did are probably fanciful, but in many others, there is no way to know whether he is reporting or storytelling. However, due to the complexity and thoroughness of his accounts, we are left to assume that his chronicles were in fact true."
Hmm, thats almost like Alexander the Great.
While reading the the Wiki, I also noticed that that it mentioned him having two hajj's.. Is that regular int he Islamic Faith?
To partially answer Miriam's question about if the plague economically effect the world in anyway, while i don't have a source, it pretty much had to. think about it, around 1/2 the population in Europe was gone. that mean the other half of the population had to cover the work. so there was a 100% increase in work load for each individual to cover what the other's had left. however, there was also 50% less population to provide for. also it said that women began to control estates and had a bigger influence. so, economically, women had more power. also because 50% of the population was lost, that means that all the land that they owned (if both owners died) had to be given to someone, so more land for less people.
also, i was looking at the antisemitism acts. it is much like the holocaust, and it was even in Germany. it seems strange that in Germany such large antisemitism acts would take place at two different times.
After reading these pages, a question came to mind after reading about physicians in the time. I wondered how they would test their products and ways of curing the plague. And how did they come up with the idea's they did? Also, I found the idea that the plague was God's punishment interested me.
Were there/ who were any important religious people that did not agree with that idea? And did they try to spread that it was not a punishment?
questions:
1. is a gift that damages the economy really a gift?
2. Where did Ibn Batuda get the money to travel to all these places?
3. How did the desert stop plages more than seas did?
Why was the death rate for men higher?
Ibn Buttuta explained kids being chained until they learned the Qu'ran. I just don't get this...is it like literally?
Another question I have is more from the reading in class but I just thought of it. Why were the doctors suppose to be scary? Propaganda?
Why are Mali's mosques significant to the people other than relgion?
Mali Mosque
A sketching of the Black Death
Map of The Black Death over the years
The Doctors of The Black Death
sorry guys my internet at maia's was terrible!
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